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<p>
Glossary
</p>
</div>
<h1 id="glossary">
Glossary <a href="#glossary" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h1>
<h5 id="terms-a-e">
Terms A-E <a href="#terms-a-e" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h5>
<h6 id="amazon-aws-marketplace">
Amazon AWS marketplace <a href="#amazon-aws-marketplace" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>A provider for all aspects of the required infrastructure. This includes using
AWS CloudFormation for provisioning, Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) for
storage, Amazon Machine Images (AMI), and Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) for
computes, Amazon Glue as metadata catalog, and others.</p>
<p><a name="bare-metal"></a></p>
<h6 id="bare-metal-server">
Bare-metal server <a href="#bare-metal-server" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>A physical computer server dedicated to a single consumer. See <a href="https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Bare-metal_server">bare-metal
server</a>.</p>
<div class="row-with-logo">
<div class="row-with-logo-text-container">
<h6 id="catalog">
Catalog <a href="#catalog" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>Configures a connection to a data source. Catalogs are generally defined by a
<a href="#data-engineer-persona">data engineer</a>. Each catalog’s configuration specifies
a <a href="#connector">connector</a> to define which data source the catalog connects to.
For more information about catalogs, see
<a href="./get-started/data-sources-catalogs.html">catalog</a>.</p>
</div>
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</div>
</div>
<h6 id="certificate">
Certificate <a href="#certificate" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>A public key <a href="https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_certificate">certificate</a>
issued by a CA, sometimes abbreviated as cert, that verifies the ownership of a
server’s keys. Certificate format is specified in the
<a href="https://wikipedia.org/wiki/X.509">X.509</a> standard.</p>
<h6 id="certificate-authority-ca">
Certificate Authority (CA) <a href="#certificate-authority-ca" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>A trusted organization that signs and issues certificates. Its signatures are
used to verify the validity of <a href="#certificate">certificates</a>.</p>
<div class="row-with-logo">
<div class="row-with-logo-text-container">
<h6 id="client">
Client <a href="#client" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>Client applications send queries to Trino clusters and receive
results from connected data sources. Client applications can be command line-,
desktop-, or browser-based.</p>
</div>
<div class="row-with-logo-image-container">
<img class="img-fluid" src="assets/img/icons/icon-clients-default.svg" alt="Clients" />
</div>
</div>
<h6 id="clock-time">
Clock time <a href="#clock-time" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>See the definition for <a href="#wall-time">wall time</a>.</p>
<div class="row-with-logo">
<div class="row-with-logo-text-container">
<h6 id="cluster">
Cluster <a href="#cluster" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>Provides the resources to run queries against numerous data sources. For more
information, see <a href="./platform-administrator/cluster.html">cluster basics</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="row-with-logo-image-container">
<img class="img-fluid" src="assets/img/icons/icon-trino-based-cluster-default.svg" alt="Trino-based cluster" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="row-with-logo">
<div class="row-with-logo-text-container">
<h6 id="connector">
Connector <a href="#connector" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>Translates data from a data source into Starburst Galaxy or SEP
schemas, tables, columns, rows, and data types. A <a href="#connector">connector</a> is
specific to a data source and is used in <a href="#catalog">catalogs</a> to define the data
source type. For more information, see <a href="./get-started/data-sources-catalogs.html#connectors">Data sources and
catalogs</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="row-with-logo-image-container">
<img class="img-fluid" src="assets/img/icons/icon-connector-default.svg" alt="Connector" />
</div>
</div>
<h6 id="container">
Container <a href="#container" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>A lightweight virtual package of software that contains libraries, binaries,
code, configuration files, and other dependencies needed to deploy an
application. A running container does not include an operating system. It uses
the operating system of the host machine. To learn more, read about containers
in the <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/containers/">Kubernetes
documentation</a>.</p>
<div class="row-with-logo">
<div class="row-with-logo-text-container">
<h6 id="coordinator">
Coordinator <a href="#coordinator" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>A server that handles incoming queries, and manages <a href="#worker">workers</a> to
execute the queries. A cluster has only one coordinator.</p>
</div>
<div class="row-with-logo-image-container">
<img class="img-fluid" src="assets/img/icons/icon-coordinator-default.svg" alt="Coordinator" />
</div>
</div>
<h6 id="cots">
COTS <a href="#cots" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>Common off-the-shelf. Refers to commodity hardware components.</p>
<h6 id="data-consumer-persona">
Data consumer persona <a href="#data-consumer-persona" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>Owns data products such as reports, dashboards, models, and the quality of
analysis.</p>
<h6 id="data-engineer-persona">
Data engineer persona <a href="#data-engineer-persona" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>Owns schemas and is responsible for the source data quality and ETL SLA.</p>
<div class="row-with-logo">
<div class="row-with-logo-text-container">
<h6 id="data-lake">
Data lake <a href="#data-lake" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>A single repository for storing and processing structured, semistructured, or
unstructured data from multiple sources in native format. For more information
about data lake and data lakehouse architectures, see <a href="./get-started/data-lake.html">Data
lake</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="row-with-logo-image-container">
<img class="img-fluid" src="assets/img/icons/icon-data-lake-default.svg" alt="Data lake" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="row-with-logo">
<div class="row-with-logo-text-container">
<h6 id="data-lakehouse">
Data lakehouse <a href="#data-lakehouse" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>A data storage architecture that combines features of a <a href="#data-lake">data lake</a>
and a <a href="#data-warehouse">data warehouse</a>. Data lakehouses use the same underlying
storage technologies as data lakes along with ACID-compliant table formats such
as Iceberg, Hudi, and Delta Lake. For more information about data lake and data
lakehouse architectures, see <a href="./get-started/data-lake.html">Data lake</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="row-with-logo-image-container">
<img class="img-fluid" src="assets/img/icons/icon-data-lakehouse-default.svg" alt="Data lakehouse" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="row-with-logo">
<div class="row-with-logo-text-container">
<h6 id="data-source">
Data source <a href="#data-source" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>A system from which data is retrieved, for example, PostgreSQL, or Iceberg
tables stored on S3. Users query data sources with <a href="#catalog">catalogs</a> that
connect to each source. See <a href="./get-started/data-sources-catalogs.html">Data sources and
catalogs</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="row-with-logo-image-container">
<img class="img-fluid" src="assets/img/icons/icon-other-sources-default.svg" alt="Other sources" />
</div>
</div>
<h6 id="data-virtualization">
Data virtualization <a href="#data-virtualization" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p><a href="https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_virtualization">Data virtualization</a> is a
method of abstracting an interaction with multiple <a href="#data-source">heterogeneous data
sources</a> without needing to know the distributed nature of the
data, its format, or any other technical details involved in presenting the
data.</p>
<div class="row-with-logo">
<div class="row-with-logo-text-container">
<h6 id="data-warehouse">
Data warehouse <a href="#data-warehouse" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>A purpose-built database system that is optimized for reporting and analysis by
data consumers.</p>
</div>
<div class="row-with-logo-image-container">
<img class="img-fluid" src="assets/img/icons/icon-data-warehouse-default.svg" alt="Data warehouse" />
</div>
</div>
<h6 id="driver">
Driver <a href="#driver" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>A driver is a sequence of operator instances. Drivers act upon data and combine
<a href="#operator">operators</a> to produce output that is aggregated by a <a href="#task">task</a>,
and then delivered to another task in another <a href="#stage">stage</a>.</p>
<h6 id="exchange">
Exchange <a href="#exchange" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>Exchanges transfer data between cluster nodes for different stages of
a query. <a href="#task">Tasks</a> move data into an output buffer and consume data from
other tasks using an exchange client.</p>
<h6 id="external-id-aws">
External ID (AWS) <a href="#external-id-aws" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>An external ID is an identifier in AWS that is required for using
Starburst Galaxy. It is used to ensure that only trusted AWS accounts are given
permission to operate the Starburst Galaxy clusters based on their assigned
role and trust policy. For more information on AWS Identity and Access
Management, see <a href="https://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_roles_create_for-user_externalid.html">How to use an external ID when granting access to your AWS
resources to a third
party</a>.</p>
<h5 id="terms-f-j">
Terms F-J <a href="#terms-f-j" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h5>
<h6 id="google-cloud-marketplace">
Google Cloud Marketplace <a href="#google-cloud-marketplace" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>Deploy in the Google Cloud Marketplace or using the Starburst Kubernetes
solution on the Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). GKE is a secure, production
ready, managed Kubernetes service in Google Cloud managing for containerized
applications.</p>
<h6 id="gzip">
gzip <a href="#gzip" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>A file format and program that compresses and decompresses files. The most
common extension for gzip-compressed files is <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.gz</code>.</p>
<h6 id="hdfs">
HDFS <a href="#hdfs" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>A scalable, <a href="#open-source">open source</a> filesystem created to store large
amounts of data for the <a href="https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Hadoop">Hadoop
ecosystem</a>.</p>
<h6 id="hive-metastore-service-hms">
Hive Metastore Service (HMS) <a href="#hive-metastore-service-hms" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>Manages metadata for data stores that do not necessarily have a catalog, such as
HDFS, Object Stores (S3, ADLS, GKS, Min.IO, etc). The metadata is stored in a
RDBMS like PostgreSQL.</p>
<h6 id="java-keystore-jks">
Java KeyStore (JKS) <a href="#java-keystore-jks" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>The system of public key cryptography supported as one part of the Java security
APIs. The legacy JKS system recognizes keys and <a href="#certificate">certificates</a>
stored in <em>keystore</em> files, typically with the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.jks</code> extension. By default, it
relies on a system-level list of <a href="#certificate-authority-ca">CAs</a> in
<em>truststore</em> files installed as part of Java.</p>
<h5 id="terms-k-o">
Terms K-O <a href="#terms-k-o" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h5>
<h6 id="key">
Key <a href="#key" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>A cryptographic key specified as a pair of public and private strings generally
used in the context of <a href="#transport-layer-security-tls">TLS</a> to secure public
network traffic.</p>
<h6 id="lake-data-non-delta">
Lake data (non-Delta) <a href="#lake-data-non-delta" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>Data stored in a traditional lake method as files in an object store.</p>
<h6 id="load-balancer-lb">
Load Balancer (LB) <a href="#load-balancer-lb" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>Software or a hardware device that sits on a network edge and accepts network
connections on behalf of servers behind that wall, distributing traffic across
network and server infrastructure to balance the load on networked services.</p>
<h6 id="marketplace">
Marketplace <a href="#marketplace" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>Purchase a preconfigured set of machine images, containers, and other needed
resources to run SEP on their cloud hosts under your control.</p>
<h6 id="metastore">
Metastore <a href="#metastore" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>A database used to catalog the metadata of a data collection. The metadata can
include tables, columns, schemas, file paths, and storage formats.</p>
<h6 id="microsoft-azure-marketplace">
Microsoft Azure marketplace <a href="#microsoft-azure-marketplace" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>Deploy using in the Azure Marketplace or using the Starburst Kubernetes solution
onto the Azure Kubernetes Services (AKS). AKS is a secure, production-ready,
managed Kubernetes service on Azure for managing for containerized applications.</p>
<div class="row-with-logo">
<div class="row-with-logo-text-container">
<h6 id="object-storage">
Object storage <a href="#object-storage" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_storage">Object storage</a> is a file
storage mechanism. Examples of compatible object stores include the
following:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://aws.amazon.com/s3">Amazon S3</a></li>
<li><a href="https://cloud.google.com/storage">Google Cloud Storage</a></li>
<li><a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/storage/blobs">Azure Blob Storage</a></li>
<li><a href="https://min.io">MinIO</a> and other S3-compatible stores</li>
<li><a href="#hdfs">HDFS</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="row-with-logo-image-container">
<img class="img-fluid" src="assets/img/icons/icon-object-store-default.svg" alt="Object store" />
</div>
</div>
<h6 id="open-source">
Open-source <a href="#open-source" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>Typically refers to <a href="https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software">open-source
software</a>, which is software
that has the source code available for others to see, use, and modify. Allowed
usage varies depending on the license. Trino is licensed under the
<a href="https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_License">Apache license</a> and is maintained by
a community of contributors from across the globe.</p>
<h6 id="operator">
Operator <a href="#operator" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>An operator consumes, transforms and produces data. For example, a <em>table scan
operator</em> fetches data from a <a href="#connector">connector</a> and produces data that can
be consumed by other operators. A <em>filter operator</em> consumes data and
produces a subset by applying a predicate over the input data.</p>
<h5 id="terms-p-t">
Terms P-T <a href="#terms-p-t" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h5>
<h6 id="parser">
Parser <a href="#parser" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>Analyses the Service Provider Interface (SPI) metadata for information about
tables, columns, and types to validate SQL semantics, and to perform security
checks and type checking of expressions in the original query.</p>
<h6 id="pem-file-format">
PEM file format <a href="#pem-file-format" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>A format for storing and sending cryptographic keys and certificates. PEM format
can contain both a key and its certificate, plus the chain of certificates from
authorities back to the root <a href="#certificate-authority-(ca)">CA</a>, or back to a CA
vendor’s intermediate CA.</p>
<h6 id="personal-information-pi-">
Personal information (PI) <a name="pinfo"></a> <a href="#personal-information-pi-" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>Personal information (PI) is broader in scope than <a href="https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_data">personally identifiable
information (PII)</a>, encompassing
additional information such as IP address, sexual orientation, and union
membership.</p>
<h6 id="pkcs-12">
PKCS #12 <a href="#pkcs-12" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>A binary archive used to store <a href="#key">keys</a> and <a href="#certificate">certificates</a> or
certificate chains that validate a key. PKCS #12 files have <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.p12</code> or <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.pfx</code>
extensions.</p>
<h6 id="planner">
Planner <a href="#planner" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>Uses the Statistics SPI to obtain information about row counts and table sizes
to perform cost-based query optimizations during planning.</p>
<h6 id="platform-administrator-persona">
Platform administrator persona <a href="#platform-administrator-persona" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>Owns platforms and services (ITIL-style). Has service SLA responsibility for the
infrastructure supporting the cluster.</p>
<h6 id="presto-and-prestosql">
Presto and PrestoSQL <a href="#presto-and-prestosql" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>The old name for Trino. To learn more about the name change to
Trino, read <a href="https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Trino_(SQL_query_engine)#History">the
history</a>.</p>
<div class="row-with-logo">
<div class="row-with-logo-text-container">
<h6 id="query">
Query <a href="#query" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>A <a href="#statement">statement</a> in a query language that results in data being
returned from a <a href="#data-source">data source</a>, or operations being performed on
data in the data source.</p>
</div>
<div class="row-with-logo-image-container">
<img class="img-fluid" src="assets/img/icons/icon-sql-query-default.svg" alt="SQL query" />
</div>
</div>
<h6 id="query-federation">
Query Federation <a href="#query-federation" class="titleAnchor">#</a>
</h6>
<p>A type of <a href="#data-virtualization">data virtualization</a> that provides a common
access point and data model across two or more heterogeneous data sources. A
popular data model used by many query federation engines is translating
different data sources to <a href="#sql">SQL</a> tables.</p>
<h6 id="queue">
Queue <a href="#queue" class="titleAnchor">#</a>